Due to their efficiency and high power output, diesel engines find extensive use in the automotive, transportation, industrial, and agricultural sectors. However, these engines encounter several challenges, including the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, as well as their reliance on fossil fuels. As a result, the demand for alternative fuels has risen significantly. Biodiesel, derived from various sources, has emerged as a promising substitute for diesel fuel. Among these alternatives, mango kernel biodiesel is currently being investigated as a renewable fuel option for diesel engines. In this current research study, a single-cylinder diesel engine was used to investigate the effects of mango kernel biodiesel (B10) as fuel compared to conventional diesel fuel. The engine was operated under different loading conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and varying fuel injection pressures (400 bar, 500 bar, and 600 bar), while maintaining a compression ratio of 18. The research focused on conducting a comparative analysis of engine performance, and emissions between the two fuels viz. conventional diesel fuel and mango kernel biodiesel blend. For major test cases, the engine recorded higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) as compared to the biodiesel blend. At full load and higher injection pressure, the B10 blend increased BTE by 4.83% and decreased BSFC by 5.40% than diesel. The smoke formation, CO, HC emissions were notably higher with B10 blend.