A novel approach is formulated to scrutinize the stagnation point flow of chemically reacting Casson fluid past a convective stretching sheet. Additionally, the combined impact of a non-uniform heat source/sink and variable thermal conductivity on the fluid flow is examined. With the aid of a suitable similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transmogrified into corresponding ordinary differential equations. bvp4c, an in-built technique of MATLAB, is implemented to acquire the numerical solutions. The appurtenant parameters that exert influence on the concentration distribution, temperature distribution, and velocity profile are depicted graphically. The effects of various physical parameters such as Casson fluid parameter, magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Eckert number, Biot number, variable thermal conductivity parameter, non-uniform heat source/sink parameters and velocity slip parameter are shown in plots for several ranges of values. In a constrained scenario, the accuracy and validity of the numerical technique utilized are justified by analogizing the procured outcomes with the pre-existing results in the literature. The influence of pertinent parameters that regulate the Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, and Sherwood number is presented in tabular form. An upsurge in the variable thermal conductivity parameter reduces the temperature for internal heat generation, but for internal heat absorption, it diminishes the temperature adjacent to the wall and skyrockets the temperature far away from the wall. This current study is of immediate interest in the field of the aerospace industry due to the indispensability of variable thermal conductivity in lunar soft lander technology.