Microfluidics is the field of handling small volume of fluids and/or manipulating micron-size and submicron-size particles in a microchannel. Microfluidic devices require only small amounts of samples and can run the process in a short period of time. These features have made Microfluidics a powerful technique in lab-on-chip and biomedical applications. These microsystems play important roles in tissue engineering, drug screening, determining the point-of-care diagnoses, and also generating clinically relevant tumor microenvironment for cancer studies. The current paper focuses on the studies conducted on transportation of fluids and particles in small scale systems. It will also introduce the latest developments of the microfluidic components and will provide several biomedical applications of such devices.