The toxic nature of exhaust gases released by these engines has led to environmental concerns, affecting its sustainability. The exhaust emission from diesel engine includes carbon monoxide, nitrates, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. Soot particles c ontained in the particulate matter is also found to be carcinogenic in nature and also leads to various lung diseases. Diesel oxidation catalysis system involves oxidation of hydrocarbons, nitrates and soluble organic fraction. Diesel particulate filtratio n blocks the soot particles with the help of alternately plugged diesel particulate filter with porous walls. The regeneration of accumulated soot is one of the major challenges faced by automotive industries for effective implementation of diesel particul ate filtration system. A detailed review on the challenges faced in the implementation of emission control techniques has been carried out in this study and it has been explored from the results of literature study that microwave based regeneration techni que would be an effective technique. This paper provides a platform for understanding the working principle of post treatment emission control techniques and also on the role of regeneration in effective operation of Diesel Particulate Filter.