Using industrial solid waste to generate energy is a viable approach that is attracting increasing attention as a business opportunity for environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy production. The research examines materials such as fly ash (FA), red mud (RM), steel slag (SS), calcium aluminate cement (CAC), and white cement (WC), focusing on their composition and synthesis, thermal storage properties — including thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and structural permanence under frequent thermal loading — and applicability in packed-bed and
composite thermal energy storage (TES) structures. Thermal conductivities calculated at temperature as high 500 °C were verified by CAC composites that are stable at high temperatures, representing their appropriateness for high temperature applications. Whereas FA and RM were only moderately thermally conductive, SS demonstrated superior thermal performance. Although the WC looks better and has a smother surface, its heat resistance is disappeared. The review goes beyond what is usually known in the investigations. Through an energy-focused method, we
determine that the materials can substitute energy rather than being treated as mere by-products. This types it thinkable to create goods that are good for the environment. This creates new opportunities for environmentally friendly design. For investigators and engineers looking to build
bridges; in this work offers a new and important path.