2School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Indian Maritime UniversityKolkata Campus, Kolkata 700088, India
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
Abstract
The combustion of petro-diesel fuels in internal combustion engines is one of the contributing factors to increased environmental air pollution.The combustion byproducts are toxic exhaust emissions, which are dangerous to human health and the environment. Therefore, the need for sustainable and renewable fuels, like biodiesels, is gaining significant attention to regulate the toxic exhaust emissions form compression ignition engines. Biodiesels are popular due to theirbiodegradable, renewable, eco–friendly, non-toxic factors and their ability tobe employed in diesel engines without major modifications. These features have attracted researchers to in-vestigate different biodiesels and their performance and emissions compatibility with existing engines. In this systematic review,research findings from the year 2009 to 2024 on biodiesel production from second and third-generation feedstocks, their significant fuel properties, and fatty acid compositions are critically reviewed. In addition, combustion performance and ex-haust emission characteristics of different diesel and biodiesel blends are discussed. Similarly, additives are gaining popularity for improving the significant biodiesel properties and en-hancing combustion performance with regulated emissions. Therefore, the influence of addi-tive blending in biodiesel is also highlighted.Further, a comprehensive review was conducted on the emergence of algae biodiesel processing methods of algae to meet the future energy requirements in engines.The findings from the literatureconfirmed that the presence of high saturated fatty acid composition in green algae biodiesel mitigated the upsurge in nitrogen ox-ide emissions and suggested that green microalgae biodieselis best suited as a potential source of biodiesel production. Finally, this review reported that compared to non-edible biodiesel,al-gae biodiesel resulted in enhanced combustion propensity, engine performance, and reduced nitrogen oxide emissions, a prominent source of green, sustainable fuel to replace fossil fuel.
