Pico-scale turbines, such as Turgo and Pelton, are site-specific and show variable performance under various operating and design parameters. Experimental investigation and response sur-face methodology were combined to optimize the geometrical parameters of Pelton and Turgo turbine runners in the present study. Low-cost, lightweight hybrid runners with 3D-printed buckets and aluminum runner discs with a vertical turbine axis were designed for low-head applications. Multivariate statistical evaluation and response surface methodology were con-ducted using Design Expert 13.0 software, with a central composite design applied to ana-lyze results and optimize parameters through 80 test runs. Quadratic models describing the hydraulic efficiency characteristics of impulse turbine runners were developed via ANOVA. The study examined nozzle diameters (10-14 mm), angles (90°-95°), numbers (1 or 2), and standoff distances (40-60 mm). The optimized condition for the Turgo turbine runner was achieved with a 95° nozzle angle, 14 mm nozzle diameter, and a 40 mm standoff distance. The hydraulic efficiency of 66.19% is found, with significant model parameters having P-values below 0.0001. The findings indicated a maximum efficiency of 66.55% under optimized con-ditions, closely matching the proposed model with an error of 0.54%. Thus, the Turgo turbine is highly efficient and suitable for Pico hydro off-grid applications.